Balance of Payments

Global Economic Ledger: Introduction to BoP; Why BoP Matters? Significance and Impact; Core BoP Components: Overview of Accounts; Current Account: Definition and Scope; Trade in Goods & Services: Visible and Invisible Trade; Primary Income Flows: Investment Income and Compensation; Secondary Income Transfers: Remittances and Aid; Capital Account: Definition and Scope; Capital Transfers Explained: Asset Transfers and Debt Forgiveness; Non-Financial Assets: Intangible Asset Flows; Current vs. Capital Account: Distinctions; Financial Account: Investments and Capital Mobility; Direct & Portfolio Investments: Types of Capital Flows; BoP Disequilibrium Impact: Surpluses, Deficits, and Economic Effects; Global Economic Interdependence: BoP as an Indicator