INTRODUCTION TO TIME AND HISTORY

The Relevance of the Theme

Time travel: Imagine being a time detective, searching for clues that tell the stories of people who lived a long, long time ago!

• Deciphering the past: The study of Time and History is like a big puzzle. Each piece we fit reveals more about how people, places, and ideas have changed over time.
• Building bridges with the present: Understanding how things were before helps us understand how they are now. The changes and events of the past have shaped the world we live in today.
• Roots of our identity: By knowing the past, we better understand our culture, traditions, and even ourselves.

Contextualization

Time: Not just minutes and hours, but days, years, and centuries make up the stage of our history.

• The calendar of History: History is divided into Eras, such as the Stone Age or Modern Times, helping to organize it into understandable chapters.
• Interwoven stories: The history of different places and people often overlaps and connects, like a fabric full of colors and patterns.
• Storytellers: Historians are like storytellers who use diaries, old letters, and even forgotten objects to retell the past.

Remember: "Time is like a river, you cannot touch the same water twice, because the water that has passed will never pass again. Enjoy every moment of life".

THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT

Components

• Historical Eras: These are divisions of time used to simplify the study of History. Each era has unique characteristics that reflect changes in society.

  • Ancient Age: From the beginning of the first civilizations to the fall of the Roman Empire.
  • Middle Ages: From the fall of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the Modern Age.
  • Modern Age: From the cultural renaissance to the French Revolution.
  • Contemporary Age: From the French Revolution to the present day.

• Timeline: A visual tool that shows historical events in chronological order. It helps to understand the sequence of events and their relationships.

  • Example: Creating a timeline of your school's history can show when it was founded, important events, and changes over the years.

• Changes and Continuities: When studying history, we identify what has changed and what has remained over time.

  • Social Changes: How people lived in different times, what they ate, how they dressed, how they communicated.
  • Cultural Continuities: Traditions, festivals, and customs that survive to this day.

Key Terms

• Chronology: The sequence of events organized by order of occurrence. Essential to understand the "when" in History.
• Artifact: Any object made by humans that gives us clues about how our ancestors lived.
• Primary Source: Documents or objects that were created during the period being studied. For example, a letter written during the Middle Ages.
• Secondary Source: Information collected and produced after the historical event. For example, a history book about the Middle Ages written in modern times.

Examples and Cases

• Discovery of Brazil: Used as a milestone in the timeline to study the history of Brazil.

  • Theory: Reflects the importance of understanding historical events within a larger context, observing the social, political, and economic changes that occurred.

• Invention of the Printing Press: Changed the way information was disseminated and contributed to the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Age.

  • Theory: Shows the relationship between technological innovation and social changes throughout history.

• Industrial Revolution: Profoundly transformed societies of the 18th and 19th centuries, altering the way goods were produced and the organization of work.

  • Theory: Exemplifies how technological changes can redefine the structure of society in a short period of time.

DETAILED SUMMARY

Relevant Points

• Historical Eras: Understanding how the division of time into eras helps us study and understand the human trajectory.
  • The distinct characteristics of each era, such as inventions and forms of government, marked the passage of time.
• Timeline: The importance of this tool to visualize the order of events and understand historical changes.
  • A personal timeline, of the school or of a historical event helps to see the sequence of facts more clearly.
• Changes and Continuities: The ability to discern what has transformed and what has remained the same in society over time.
  • Observing customs that remain and comparing with those that have changed to understand cultural evolution.
• Key Terms: Familiarity with the fundamental concepts for the study of History and how to apply them when learning about the past.
  • Using chronology, artifacts, and sources to build a richer understanding of History.

Conclusions

• Connection past and present: Recognition of how the study of the past is linked to understanding the present and our own place in history.
• Interpretation of sources: Valuation of primary and secondary sources in building our historical understanding.
  • Conclusion that different types of sources provide different perspectives on the past.
• Impact of changes: Perception of how major events, such as the Discovery of Brazil and the Industrial Revolution, have a cascading effect, influencing many generations.
  • Reflection on how technological and social changes reshape society.

Exercises

1. Create your own timeline: Draw a timeline of the most important events in your life so far. Include at least five events and write a brief description of each.
2. Comparison of Eras: Write a small paragraph about how the life of a child in the Middle Ages was different from the life of a child today. Use at least three differences.
3. Source Detective: Look at an image of an ancient artifact (which the teacher will provide) and write five questions that would help discover more about the life of the people who used that object.