INTRODUCTION

The Relevance of the Theme

"Discovering who does what!" - Personal pronouns and subjects are the stars of the sentence, showing who is in action.

• Essential for Communication: They are like players in a soccer team; each has their role to make the sentence 'score a goal'!
• Avoid Repetitions: Imagine always saying the full names of friends; tiring, right? Pronouns are like nicknames in the language!

Contextualization

"Which team are you playing for?" - Personal pronouns and subjects are everywhere in the Portuguese language.

• Grammar Fundamentals: Without knowing the players, you can't play! They are the basis for forming sentences.
• Great Curiosity: Have you ever noticed that sometimes a 'he' or 'she' appears and everyone knows who it is? That's a pronoun in action!

At the end of this journey through words, sentences will have no secrets, and each 'player' will be an old friend!

Remember: "Those who do not know the players, do not understand the game!" 🌟📚

THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT

Components

• Sentence Subjects:

  • "Action Leaders!": Every subject has control, is the one who performs or suffers the action.
  • Types of Subject:
    • Simple Subject: only one 'leader' (Ex: The cat meows.)
    • Compound Subject: two or more 'leaders' (Ex: The cat and the dog play.)
    • Hidden or Elliptical: hidden 'leader', but we know who it is! (Ex: We went to the park. We is the hidden subject, understood by the action 'we went'.)
    • Indeterminate: mysterious 'leader', we don't know who it is. (Ex: They say it's going to rain. Who says? We don't know.)
    • Non-existent: sentences without 'leaders' (Ex: It rained a lot.)

• Personal Pronouns:

  • "Substitutes in Action!": They replace names.
  • Subject Pronouns: direct in actions, like I, you, he, we, you, they.
    • Used when the pronoun is the 'leader' of the action. (Ex: I run in the park.)
  • Object Pronouns: receive or suffer the action, like me, you, him, us, you, them.
    • Used when something is done to or for them. (Ex: The ball hit me.)

Key Terms

• Action of the Verb:
  • What is being done in the sentence. (Ex: run, jump, think)
• Pronoun:
  • Word that replaces or accompanies the name.
• Agreement:
  • Agreement between subject and verb in the sentence. (Ex: He runs, they run.)

Examples and Cases

• Example of Simple Subject:

  • Sentence: "The teacher explained the lesson."
  • Simple Subject: "The teacher"
  • Action of the Verb: "explained"
  • Analysis: The teacher (who performs the action) + explained (what?) + the lesson (what).

• Example of Subject Pronoun:

  • Sentence: "She sang at the party."
  • Subject Pronoun: "She"
  • Action of the Verb: "sang"
  • Analysis: She (who performed the action) + sang (what?) + at the party (where).

• Example of Object Pronoun:

  • Sentence: "The wind surprised us."
  • Object Pronoun: "us"
  • Action of the Verb: "surprised"
  • Analysis: The wind (who performed the action) + us (to whom?) + surprised (what?).

DETAILED SUMMARY

Relevant Points

• Identifying the Subject:

  • Paying attention to who performs the action in the sentence.
  • Recognizing if the subject is clear or hidden.
  • Remembering that the subject is not always a person; it can be an animal, a thing, or even an idea!

• Correct Use of Pronouns:

  • Replacing names to avoid repetition.
  • Choosing the correct pronoun for the subject (I, you, he, we...).
  • Knowing when to use subject pronouns (I run) and object pronouns (the ball hit me).

• Getting the Agreement Right:

  • Making the verb match the subject, in number and person.
  • Distinguishing between actions done by one or more 'leaders' (I run, We run).

Conclusions

• Subjects and Pronouns are Indispensable:

  • Understanding that a sentence without a subject or without the proper use of pronouns becomes confusing.

• Grammar in Practice:

  • Seeing that theory helps to write and speak clearly and precisely.

• Observation is Key:

  • Learning that by reading or listening carefully, we can easily identify subjects and pronouns.

Exercises

1. Find the subject and indicate if it is simple or compound:

   • "The sun and the moon illuminate the sky."

2. Replace the names with the correct personal pronouns:

   • "Mariana and João went to the cinema. Mariana bought popcorn."

3. Write sentences using object pronouns:

   • Tip: use expressions like "delivered to him" or "asked for us".