Introduction

Relevance of the Theme

The concept of modernity is one of the fundamental pillars of Philosophy and Social Sciences in general. Understanding the meaning and influence of this concept allows for a more in-depth analysis of the historical, cultural, and social processes that have given rise to and shape the world we live in. Mastery of it is essential for the development of a critical view of history and society, enabling reflections on the transformations that have occurred and still occur in our lives.

Contextualization

Within the Philosophy curriculum, the concept of modernity is central to understanding the main philosophical currents and specific problems that emerge in modernity. It stands as one of the cornerstones of Western philosophical reflections from the 17th century onwards and has a profound impact on various areas such as politics, ethics, art, science, and religion. Understanding it will allow for the critical analysis of authors and philosophical theories that emerged in this period, as well as contemporary issues rooted in modernity.

The approach to this theme occurs early in high school, in the 1st year, so that students develop critical thinking from an early age and are prepared for debates and more complex reflections that will arise throughout the curriculum. Furthermore, the study of modernity contributes to the formation of a historical and civic consciousness, essential skills in today's world.

Theoretical Development

Components

• Principles of Modernity: The modernity period is marked by the centrality of the individual, reason, and science, contrasting with the theocentric view of the world that prevailed in the Middle Ages. Modern thought values the human capacity for understanding and intervention in the world, characterized by the pursuit of objective knowledge, scientific and technological progress, and individual freedom.

• Capitalist Modes of Production and Industrial Development: Modernity brings profound changes in economic and social systems. The emergence of capitalist modes of production and industrial development alters how populations live, work, and organize, transforming social structures and power relations.

• Secularization and Disenchantment of the World: Modernity is also marked by secularization, that is, the distancing of religion from the center of social, political, and cultural life, and by what sociologist Max Weber called the