Introduction to Argumentative Text

Relevance of the Theme

Argumentative Text is a key skill in Portuguese that allows the expression of ideas in a logical, coherent, and persuasive manner. We are constantly exposed to arguments, whether in the news, discussions about movies or books, advertisements, or even in family debates. Therefore, learning to write an Argumentative Text correctly is to have the power to make oneself heard and influence others.

Contextualization

The theme is inserted within Communication and Expression, one of the four fundamental language skills in Portuguese, which also includes reading, speaking, and writing. The 7th grade of Elementary School is a crucial moment for the development of communication skills, as it is at this stage that students begin to refine their writing, moving from simple narration to the complex world of critical and argumentative thinking. Thus, the study of Argumentative Text is a natural step in this progression and a foundation for future literary and writing studies.

Theoretical Development

Components of Argumentative Text

• Thesis: It is the central idea of the text, the point of view to be defended. All argumentation will be developed around the thesis, so it is important that it is clear and well-supported.

• Arguments: These are the reasons, facts, or opinions that serve to support the thesis. They must be relevant, reliable, and convincing. Arguments should be interconnected and organized logically, and can be presented in different paragraphs.

• Conclusion: Results from the analysis of the arguments, confirming or not the initial thesis. Here, there is the closure of reasoning and the response to the initial problem.

Key Terms

• Cohesion and Coherence: Cohesion is related to the logical and grammatical connection between words, phrases, and paragraphs in a text. Coherence is the logical relationship between ideas or facts presented. In Argumentative Text, both are essential for following and understanding the line of reasoning.

• Argumentation: It is the ability to present arguments in a logical and convincing manner. Argumentation can be based on facts, statistics, examples, quotations, among others, and is the main tool of Argumentative Text.

Examples and Cases

• Thesis Example: "The practice of physical activities in school is essential for the health and well-being of students." In this case, the thesis is the assertion that physical activities are important.

• Arguments Example: "Studies show that students who exercise have better academic performance." - "Physical exercises contribute to the motor and cognitive development of students." - "Practicing sports in school also promotes socialization and respect for rules." In this example, there are three arguments that support the initial thesis, each reinforcing a different aspect.

• Cohesion and Coherence Example: "First, let's analyze the academic benefits of practicing physical activities in school. Then, we will address the impact on the motor and cognitive development of students. Finally, we will talk about how practicing sports contributes to socialization and respect for rules." Here, the author demonstrates cohesion and coherence by organizing the arguments in a logical and interconnected sequence.

• Conclusion Example: "Thus, it is evident that the practice of physical activities in school is essential for the health and well-being of students. Based on the mentioned studies and the analyses conducted, we conclude that the initial thesis is supported." In this case, the conclusion reinforces the initial thesis, demonstrating how the analysis of arguments leads to this response.

Detailed Summary

Relevant Points

• The Importance of the Thesis: The thesis is the backbone of the Argumentative Text, as it is from it that all argumentation is built. For a thesis to be effective, it must be clear, concise, and have a well-defined focus.

• The Role of Arguments: Arguments are the support of the thesis, and they must be relevant, consistent, and convincing. They can be proven by facts, statistics, examples, or quotations, and should be presented in an organized and logical manner.

• Cohesion and Coherence: Textual cohesion and coherence are crucial for the understanding and assimilation of arguments by readers. Cohesion ensures the fluency of the text, while coherence links ideas in a logical and consistent way.

• Conclusion as Culmination: The conclusion is the point where arguments are concluded, and the thesis is confirmed or denied. It should be strong, clear, and reinforce what has been said throughout the text.

Conclusions

• Argumentation Skills: Argumentative Text is not just about expressing opinions but defending them convincingly. Learning this structure is an efficient way to build and strengthen argumentation and critical thinking skills.

• Importance of Practice: Practice is essential for improving Argumentative Text. Reading and analyzing various argumentative texts, as well as producing texts on different themes and theses, are essential tools for development in this area.

• Language Proficiency: Producing a good Argumentative Text requires, in addition to mastering the structure, a good knowledge of the Portuguese language. Rich vocabulary and grammatical correctness are elements that enhance the strength of the argumentation.

Exercises

1. Choosing Thesis and Arguments: Select a topic of interest and, from it, develop a thesis. Then, create three arguments that support your thesis. Remember that arguments should be cohesive, coherent, and convincing.

2. Production of Argumentative Text: Write an Argumentative Text of at least 10 lines on the importance of adopting healthy eating policies in schools. In the text, include an introduction with the thesis, the body with the arguments, and the conclusion.

3. Text Analysis: Read the journalistic article "Threats to the Amazon: the importance of environmental preservation." Identify the thesis, arguments, and conclusion. Then, make a critical analysis of the text, evaluating the strength and effectiveness of the argumentation.